50 research outputs found
Efficient chemotherapy of rat glioblastoma using Doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with different stabilizers
Background: Chemotherapy of glioblastoma is largely ineffective as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents entry of most anticancer agents into the brain. For an efficient treatment of glioblastomas it is necessary to deliver anti-cancer drugs across the intact BBB. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 hold great promise as drug carriers for brain delivery after their intravenous injection. In the present study the anti-tumour efficacy of the surfactant-coated doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles against rat glioblastoma 101/8 was investigated using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Methodology: The particles were prepared by a high-pressure solvent evaporation technique using 1% polyvinylalcohol (PLGA/PVA) or human serum albumin (PLGA/HSA) as stabilizers. Additionally, lecithin-containing PLGA/HSA particles (Dox-Lecithin-PLGA/HSA) were prepared. For evaluation of the antitumour efficacy the glioblastoma-bearing rats were treated intravenously with the doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles coated with poloxamer 188 using the following treatment regimen: 3Ă2.5 mg/kg on day 2, 5 and 8 after tumour implantation; doxorubicin and poloxamer 188 solutions were used as controls. On day 18, the rats were sacrificed and the antitumour effect was determined by measurement of tumour size, necrotic areas, proliferation index, and expression of GFAP and VEGF as well as Isolectin B4, a marker for the vessel density. Conclusion: The results reveal a considerable anti-tumour effect of the doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles. The overall best results were observed for Dox-Lecithin-PLGA/HSA. These data demonstrate that the poloxamer 188-coated PLGA nanoparticles enable delivery of doxorubicin across the blood-brain barrier in the therapeutically effective concentrations
A Multi-perspective Analysis of Carrier-Grade NAT Deployment
As ISPs face IPv4 address scarcity they increasingly turn to network address
translation (NAT) to accommodate the address needs of their customers.
Recently, ISPs have moved beyond employing NATs only directly at individual
customers and instead begun deploying Carrier-Grade NATs (CGNs) to apply
address translation to many independent and disparate endpoints spanning
physical locations, a phenomenon that so far has received little in the way of
empirical assessment. In this work we present a broad and systematic study of
the deployment and behavior of these middleboxes. We develop a methodology to
detect the existence of hosts behind CGNs by extracting non-routable IP
addresses from peer lists we obtain by crawling the BitTorrent DHT. We
complement this approach with improvements to our Netalyzr troubleshooting
service, enabling us to determine a range of indicators of CGN presence as well
as detailed insights into key properties of CGNs. Combining the two data
sources we illustrate the scope of CGN deployment on today's Internet, and
report on characteristics of commonly deployed CGNs and their effect on end
users
More than counting pixels - perspectives on the importance of remote sensing training in ecology and conservation
This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rse2.27As remote sensing (RS) applications and resources continue to expand, their importance for ecology and conservation increases â and so does the need for effective and successful training of professionals working in those fields. Methodological and applied courses often form part of university curricula, but their practical and long-term benefits only become clear afterwards. Having recently received such training in an interdisciplinary masterâs programme, we provide our perspectives on our shared education. Through an online survey we include experiences of students and professionals in different fields. Most participants perceive their RS education as useful for their career, but express a need for more training at university level. Hands-on projects are considered the most effective learning method. Besides methodological knowledge, soft skills are clear gains, including problem solving, self-learning and finding individual solutions, and the ability to work in interdisciplinary teams. The largest identified gaps in current RS training concern the application regarding policy making, methodology and conservation. To successfully prepare students for a career, study programmes need to provide RS courses based on state-of-the-art methods, including programming, and interdisciplinary projects linking research and practice supported by a sound technical background.German Research Foundation (DFG), University of Bayreut
More than counting pixels â perspectives on the importance of remote sensing training in ecology and conservation
This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rse2.27As remote sensing (RS) applications and resources continue to expand, their importance for ecology and conservation increases â and so does the need for effective and successful training of professionals working in those fields. Methodological and applied courses often form part of university curricula, but their practical and long-term benefits only become clear afterwards. Having recently received such training in an interdisciplinary masterâs programme, we provide our perspectives on our shared education. Through an online survey we include experiences of students and professionals in different fields. Most participants perceive their RS education as useful for their career, but express a need for more training at university level. Hands-on projects are considered the most effective learning method. Besides methodological knowledge, soft skills are clear gains, including problem solving, self-learning and finding individual solutions, and the ability to work in interdisciplinary teams. The largest identified gaps in current RS training concern the application regarding policy making, methodology and conservation. To successfully prepare students for a career, study programmes need to provide RS courses based on state-of-the-art methods, including programming, and interdisciplinary projects linking research and practice supported by a sound technical background.German Research Foundation (DFG), University of Bayreut
TerraSAR-X and Wetlands: A Review
Since its launch in 2007, TerraSAR-X observations have been widely used in a broad range of scientific applications. Particularly in wetland research, TerraSAR-X\u27s shortwave X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) possesses unique capabilities, such as high spatial and temporal resolution, for delineating and characterizing the inherent spatially and temporally complex and heterogeneous structure of wetland ecosystems and their dynamics. As transitional areas, wetlands comprise characteristics of both terrestrial and aquatic features, forming a large diversity of wetland types. This study reviews all published articles incorporating TerraSAR-X information into wetland research to provide a comprehensive study of how this sensor has been used with regard to polarization, and the function of the data, time-series analyses, or the assessment of specific wetland ecosystem types. What is evident throughout this literature review is the synergistic fusion of multi-frequency and multi-polarization SAR sensors, sometimes optical sensors, in almost all investigated studies to attain improved wetland classification results. Due to the short revisiting time of the TerraSAR-X sensor, it is possible to compute dense SAR time-series, allowing for a more precise observation of the seasonality in dynamic wetland areas as demonstrated in many of the reviewed studies
Assessing Forest Cover Dynamics and Forest Perception in the Atlantic Forest of Paraguay, Combining Remote Sensing and Household Level Data
The Upper Parana Atlantic Forest (BAAPA) in Paraguay is one of the most threatened tropical forests in the world. The rapid growth of deforestation has resulted in the loss of 91% of its original cover. Numerous efforts have been made to halt deforestation activities, however farmersâ perception towards the forest and its beneïŹts has not been considered either in studies conducted so far or by policy makers. This research provides the ïŹrst multi-temporal analysis of the dynamics of the forest within the BAAPA region on the one hand, and assesses the way farmers perceive the forest and how this inïŹuences forest conservation at the farm level on the other. Remote sensing data acquired from Landsat images from 1999 to 2016 were used to measure the extent of the forest cover and deforestation rates over 17 years. Farmersâ inïŹuence on the dynamics of the forest was evaluated by combining earth observation data and household survey results conducted in the BAAPA region in 2016. Outcomes obtained in this study demonstrate a total loss in forest cover of 7500 km 2 . Deforestation rates in protected areas were determined by management regimes. The combination of household level and remote sensing data demonstrated that forest dynamics at the farm level is inïŹuenced by farm type, the level of dependency/use of forest beneïŹts and the level of education of forest owners. An understanding of the social value awarded to the forest is a relevant contribution towards preserving natural resources
Mapping threatened dry deciduous dipterocarp forest in South-east Asia for conservation management
Habitat loss is the primary reason for species extinction, making habitat conservation a critical strategy for maintaining global biodiversity. Major habitat types, such as lowland tropical evergreen forests or mangrove forests, are already well represented in many conservation priorities, while others are underrepresented. This is particularly true for dry deciduous dipterocarp forests (DDF), a key forest type in Asia that extends from the tropical to the subtropical regions in South-east Asia (SE Asia), where high temperatures and pronounced seasonal precipitation patterns are predominant. DDF are a unique forest ecosystem type harboring a wide range of important and endemic species and need to be adequately represented in global biodiversity conservation strategies. One of the greatest challenges in DDF conservation is the lack of detailed and accurate maps of their distribution due to inaccurate open-canopy seasonal forest mapping methods. Conventional land cover maps therefore tend to perform inadequately with DDF. Our study accurately delineates DDF on a continental scale based on remote sensing approaches by integrating the strong, characteristic seasonality of DDF. We also determine the current conservation status of DDF throughout SE Asia. We chose SE Asia for our research because its remaining DDF are extensive in some areas but are currently degrading and under increasing pressure from significant socio-economic changes throughout the region. Phenological indices, derived from MODIS vegetation index time series, served as input variables for a Random Forest classifier and were used to predict the spatial distribution of DDF. The resulting continuous fields maps of DDF had accuracies ranging from R-2 = 0.56 to 0.78. We identified three hotspots in SE Asia with a total area of 156,000 km(2), and found Myanmar to have more remaining DDF than the countries in SE Asia. Our approach proved to be a reliable method for mapping DDF and other seasonally influenced ecosystems on continental and regional scales, and is very valuable for conservation management in this region
TerraSAR-X and Wetlands: A Review
Since its launch in 2007, TerraSAR-X observations have been widely used in a broad range of scientific applications. Particularly in wetland research, TerraSAR-X’s shortwave X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) possesses unique capabilities, such as high spatial and temporal resolution, for delineating and characterizing the inherent spatially and temporally complex and heterogeneous structure of wetland ecosystems and their dynamics. As transitional areas, wetlands comprise characteristics of both terrestrial and aquatic features, forming a large diversity of wetland types. This study reviews all published articles incorporating TerraSAR-X information into wetland research to provide a comprehensive study of how this sensor has been used with regard to polarization, and the function of the data, time-series analyses, or the assessment of specific wetland ecosystem types. What is evident throughout this literature review is the synergistic fusion of multi-frequency and multi-polarization SAR sensors, sometimes optical sensors, in almost all investigated studies to attain improved wetland classification results. Due to the short revisiting time of the TerraSAR-X sensor, it is possible to compute dense SAR time-series, allowing for a more precise observation of the seasonality in dynamic wetland areas as demonstrated in many of the reviewed studies
Der Gelbe Fluss im Wandel - Multisensorale und multitemporale Analyse des Einzugsgebietes des Gelben Flusses in China mittels Fernerkundungsdaten vor dem Hintergrund des Globalen Wandels
As a cradle of ancient Chinese civilization, the Yellow River Basin has a very long human-environment interrelationship, where early anthropogenic activities re- sulted in large scale landscape modifications. Today, the impact of this relationship
has intensified further as the basin plays a vital role for Chinaâs continued economic
development. It is one of the most densely-populated, fastest growing, and most dynamic
regions of China with abundant natural and environmental resources providing a livelihood for almost 190 million people. Triggered by fundamental economic reforms, the
basin has witnessed a spectacular economic boom during the last decades and can be
considered as an exemplary blueprint region for contemporary dynamic Global Change
processes occurring throughout the country, which is currently transitioning from an
agrarian-dominated economy into a modern urbanized society. However, this resourcesdemanding growth has led to profound land use changes with adverse effects on the Yellow
River social-ecological systems, where complex challenges arise threatening a long-term
sustainable development.
Consistent and continuous remote sensing-based monitoring of recent and past land
cover and land use change is a fundamental requirement to mitigate the adverse impacts
of Global Change processes. Nowadays, technical advancement and the multitude of
available satellite sensors, in combination with the opening of data archives, allow the
creation of new research perspectives in regional land cover applications over heterogeneous landscapes at large spatial scales. Despite the urgent need to better understand the
prevailing dynamics and underlying factors influencing the current processes, detailed
regional specific land cover data and change information are surprisingly absent for this
region.
In view of the noted research gaps and contemporary developments, three major objectives are defined in this thesis. First (i), the current and most pressing social-ecological
challenges are elaborated and policy and management instruments towards more sustainability are discussed. Second (ii), this thesis provides new and improved insights on
the current land cover state and dynamics of the entire Yellow River Basin. Finally (iii),
the most dominant processes related to mining, agriculture, forest, and urban dynamics
are determined on finer spatial and temporal scales.
The complex and manifold problems and challenges that result from long-term abuse
of the water and land resources in the basin have been underpinned by policy choices,
cultural attitude, and institutions that have evolved over centuries in China. The tremendous economic growth that has been mainly achieved by extracting water and exploiting
land resources in a rigorous, but unsustainable manner, might not only offset the economic benefits, but could also foster social unrest. Since the early emergence of the first Chinese dynasties, flooding was considered historically as a primary issue in river management and major achievements have been made to tame the wild nature of the Yellow
River. Whereas flooding is therefore largely now under control, new environmental and
social problems have evolved, including soil and water pollution, ecological degradation,
biodiversity decline, and food security, all being further aggravated by anthropogenic
climate change. To resolve the contemporary and complex challenges, many individual
environmental laws and regulations have been enacted by various Chinese ministries.
However, these policies often pursue different, often contradictory goals, are too general
to tackle specific problems and are usually implemented by a strong top-down approach.
Recently, more flexible economic and market-based incentives (pricing, tradable permits,
investments) have been successfully adopted, which are specifically tailored to the respective needs, shifting now away from the pure command and regulating instruments.
One way towards a more holistic and integrated river basin management could be the
establishment of a common platform (e.g. a Geographical Information System) for data
handling and sharing, possibly operated by the Yellow River Basin Conservancy Commission (YRCC), where available spatial data, statistical information and in-situ measures
are coalesced, on which sustainable decision-making could be based. So far, the collected
data is hardly accessible, fragmented, inconsistent, or outdated.
The first step to address the absence and lack of consistent and spatially up-to-date
information for the entire basin capturing the heterogeneous landscape conditions was
taken up in this thesis. Land cover characteristics and dynamics were derived from
the last decade for the years 2003 and 2013, based on optical medium-resolution hightemporal MODIS Normalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series at 250 m.
To minimize the inherent influence of atmospheric and geometric interferences found in
raw high temporal data, the applied adaptive Savitzky-Golay filter successfully smoothed
the time series and substantially reduced noise. Based on the smoothed time series
data, a large variety of intra-annual phenology metrics as well as spectral and multispectral annual statistics were derived, which served as input variables for random
forest (RF) classifiers. High quality reference data sets were derived from very high
resolution imagery for each year independently of which 70 % trained the RF models. The
accuracy assessments for all regionally specific defined thematic classes were based on the
remaining 30 % reference data split and yielded overall accuracies of 87 % and 84 % for
2003 and 2013, respectively. The first regional adapted Yellow River Land Cover Products
(YRB LC) depict the detail spatial extent and distribution of the current land cover status
and dynamics. The novel products overall differentiate overall 18 land cover and use
classes, including classes of natural vegetation (terrestrial and aquatic), cultivated classes,
mosaic classes, non-vegetated, and artificial classes, which are not presented in previous
land cover studies so far.
Building on this, an extended multi-faceted land cover analysis on the most prominent
land cover change types at finer spatial and temporal scales provides a better and more
detailed picture of the Yellow River Basin dynamics. Precise spatio-temporal products
about mining, agriculture, forest, and urban areas were examined from long-trem Landsat
satellite time series monitored at annual scales to capture the rapid rate of change in four
selected focus regions. All archived Landsat images between 2000 and 2015 were used to
derive spatially continuous spectral-temporal, multi-spectral, and textural metrics. For
each thematic region and year RF models were built, trained and tested based on a stablepixels reference data set. The automated adaptive signature (AASG) algorithm identifies those pixels that did not change between the investigated time periods to generate a
mono-temporal reference stable-pixels data set to keep manual sampling requirements
to a minimum level. Derived results gained high accuracies ranging from 88 % to 98 %.
Throughout the basin, afforestation on the Central Loess Plateau and urban sprawl are
identified as most prominent drivers of land cover change, whereas agricultural land
remained stable, only showing local small-scale dynamics. Mining operations started in
2004 on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which resulted in a substantial loss of pristine alpine
meadows and wetlands.
In this thesis, a novel and unique regional specific view of current and past land cover
characteristics in a complex and heterogeneous landscape was presented by using a
multi-source remote sensing approach. The delineated products hold great potential for
various model and management applications. They could serve as valuable components
for effective and sustainable land and water management to adapt and mitigate the
predicted consequences of Global Change processes.Der Gelbe Fluss - in der Landessprache Huange He genannt - ist fĂŒr die AusprĂ€gung und Entwicklung der chinesischen Kultur von groĂer Bedeutung. Aufgrund der frĂŒhen Einflussnahme auf die natĂŒrlichen Ăkosysteme in dieser Region durch
den Menschen, entwickelte sich dort eine ausgeprÀgte Interaktion zwischen Mensch und
Umwelt. Diese Wechselbeziehung hat sich infolge der gegenwÀrtigen rapiden sozioökonomischen VerÀnderungen in den letzten Jahrzehnten weiter intensiviert.
Das Einzugsgebiet des Gelben Flusses bildet die Lebensgrundlage fĂŒr fast 190 Millionen
Menschen, die zum GroĂteil von natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen abhĂ€ngig sind. Zudem gehört es
zu den wirtschaftlich bedeutendsten und am schnellsten wachsenden Regionen in ganz
China. Durch weitreichende Reformen wurde ein wirtschaftlicher Aufstieg forciert, um
den Agrarstaat China zu einem modernen Industrie- und Dienstleistungsstaat weiterzuentwickeln. Ein derartiges rasantes wie auch ressourcenintensives Wirtschaftswachstum
fĂŒhrte schlieĂlich zu einem enormen Wandel in den Bereichen der Landbedeckung und
Landnutzung. Hinzu kamen neue und komplexere wirtschafts-, sozial- und umweltpolitische Herausforderungen, die bis heute eine langfristige und nachhaltige Entwicklung
der Region gefÀhrden. Aus diesem Blickwinkel kann das Becken des Gelben Flusses
als regionales Spiegelbild der durch den Globalen Wandel bedingten, gegenwÀrtigen
VerÀnderungsprozesse in ganz China gelten.
Eine wichtige Voraussetzung fĂŒr den adĂ€quaten Umgang mit den Herausforderungen
des Globalen Wandels sind kontinuierliche Informationen ĂŒber aktuelle sowie historische
VerÀnderungen von Landbedeckung und Landnutzung. Infolge der technologischen Entwicklung steht heute eine Vielfalt an Satellitenbildsystemen mit immer höherer zeitlicher
und rĂ€umlicher Auflösung zur VerfĂŒgung. In Verbindung mit kostenfreien und offenen
Datenzugriffen ist es möglich, daraus neue Forschungsperspektiven im Bereich der LandoberflĂ€chenkartierung - insbesondere fĂŒr heterogene Landschaften - zu entwickeln. Zur
Generierung thematischer Karten werden hÀufig Klassifikationen entlang verschiedener
rĂ€umlicher und zeitlicher Skalen vollzogen. Daraus können zusĂ€tzlich die nötigen Informationen fĂŒr lokale wie auch regionale EntscheidungstrĂ€ger abgeleitet werden. Trotz
dieser neuen Möglichkeiten sind regionalspezifische Informationen, die einem besseren
VerstÀndnis der Dynamiken von LandoberflÀchen im Bereich des Gelben-Fluss-Beckens
dienen, noch rar.
Dieses Forschungsdesiderat wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit aufgegriffen, wobei folgende
Schwerpunkte gesetzt werden: (i) ZunĂ€chst werden die vorherrschenden sozioökologischen Herausforderungen fĂŒr das gesamte Einzugsgebiet des Gelben Flusses dargestellt
sowie verschiedene Management- sowie Politikmodelle fĂŒr eine nachhaltigere Ressourcennutzung diskutiert. (ii) Darauf aufbauend wird die fernerkundliche Ableitung von Landbedeckungs- und LandnutzungsverĂ€nderungen der letzten Dekade im Gebiet des
gesamten Gelben Flusses flĂ€chendeckend durchgefĂŒhrt und anschlieĂend interpretiert.
(iii) Im letzten Schritt werden basierend auf den zuvor abgeleiteten Informationsprodukten die dominierenden LandoberflÀchendynamiken in höherer zeitlicher und rÀumlicher
Auflösung detailliert untersucht. Insbesondere die dynamischen Prozesse der Minenausbreitung, Landwirtschaft, Waldgebiete und der urbanen RĂ€ume rĂŒcken in den Fokus.
Aufgrund jahrzehntelanger Ăbernutzung der natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen im Gebiet des
Gelben Flusses in Verbindung mit politischen Entscheidungen, der vorherrschenden
kulturellen PrÀgung wie auch der Entwicklung der dort ansÀssigen Institutionen ist eine
vielschichtige Problematik entstanden, die fĂŒr die gesamte Region eine groĂe Herausforderung darstellt. Durch frĂŒhzeitige MaĂnahmen der FlutbekĂ€mpfung und Flussregulierung
konnte den zahlreichen Ăberflutungen der Vergangenheit entgegengewirkt und das Risiko groĂflĂ€chiger Ăberschwemmungen minimiert werden. Trotz dieser Erfolge ergeben
sich laufend neue, komplexere Herausforderungen mit verheerenden Auswirkungen auf
Ăkologie und Gesellschaft, wie zum Beispiel Boden- und Wasserdegradation, Entwaldung,
RĂŒckgang der Artenvielfalt, ErnĂ€hrungsunsicherheiten und ein steigendes soziales Ungleichgewicht. Durch den anthropogenen Klimawandel werden diese negativen Probleme
noch weiter verstÀrkt. Zwar wurden sie von der chinesischen Regierung als solche erkannt, dennoch scheiterten die Versuche, mit zahlreichen Gesetzen und Verordnungen
die genannten Folgen einzudÀmmen, an unkonkreten Formulierungen, so dass diese der
KomplexitĂ€t der Herausforderungen nicht gerecht wurden. Die in jĂŒngster Zeit verfolgten
modernen und deutlich flexibleren, marktorientierten AnsÀtze (z.B. Subventionen, Wasserzertifikate), die speziell an die lokalen Gegebenheiten angepasst wurden, zeigen bereits
Erfolge. Mit Hilfe einer gemeinsamen Daten- und Informationsplattform, beispielsweise
in Form eines Geographischen Informationssystems (GIS), wÀre eine integrierte und
holistische Flussmanagementstrategie fĂŒr den Gelben Fluss leichter realisierbar. Auf
diese Weise könnten alle verfĂŒgbaren statistischen-, rĂ€umlichen- und Feldaufnahmen
gespeichert, harmonisiert und geteilt und so die bisher noch unvollstÀndigen und veralteten Daten laufend aktualisiert werden. Die Flussbehörde des Gelben Flusses (Yellow
River Conservancy Commission) böte sich an, ein solches System zu verwalten.
In dieser Arbeit wird die heterogene Landbedeckungsstruktur fĂŒr das gesamte Einzugsgebiet des Gelben Flusses fĂŒr die Jahre 2003 und 2013 erfasst und interpretiert. Die
fernerkundlichen Eingangsdaten fĂŒr die einzelnen Klassifikationen bestehen aus optischen MODIS NDVI-Zeitserien, aus denen jĂ€hrlich phĂ€nologische Parameter berechnet
werden. Da die QualitÀt optischer Satellitenbilder hÀufig durch Wolken und Schatten
beeintrĂ€chtigt ist, mĂŒssen die betroffenen FlĂ€chen maskiert und entfernt werden. Die so
entstandenen LĂŒcken in der Zeitserie werden durch einen Filteralgorithmus (SavitskyGolay) aufgefĂŒllt und geglĂ€ttet. Die verwendeten RandomForest-Klassifikationsverfahren
ermöglichen die Ableitung von Landbedeckungen und -dynamiken. Diese neuen und rÀumlich detaillierten Produkte unterscheiden insgesamt 18 verschiedene Landbedeckungsund Landnutzungsklassen. Erstmals liefern diese eine regional spezifische Charakterisierung der vorherrschenden Landbedeckung im Gebiet des Gelben Flusses.
Darauf aufbauend erfolgt eine sowohl zeitlich als auch rÀumlich detailliertere Untersuchung der wichtigsten VerÀnderungen im Bereich der Landbedeckung, die auf dichten
Landsat-Zeitserien basiert. JĂ€hrliche Informationen ĂŒber Dynamiken von Minenabbaugebieten, Landwirtschaft, Waldgebieten und urbanen RĂ€umen zeigen prĂ€zise lokale VerĂ€nderungen im Einzugsgebiet des Gelben Flusses. Die daraus abgeleiteten Ergebnisse
lassen insbesondere auf dem Lössplateau die Auswirkungen ökologischer RestorationsmaĂnahmen erkennen, bei denen degradierte FlĂ€chen in Waldsysteme umgewandelt
wurden. Auf dem Qinghai-Tibet-Plateau zeigt sich eine dramatische Ausbreitung von
Kohletagebau zu Lasten der besonders anfÀlligen alpinen Matten und Feuchtgebiete.
Auch der anhaltende Trend zur Urbanisierung spiegelt sich in den hier gewonnenen
Ergebnissen deutlich wider.
Durch die Kombination von Fernerkundungsdaten unterschiedlicher rÀumlicher und
zeitlicher Auflösungen liefert diese Arbeit neue und bisher einzigartige Einblicke in
historische und aktuelle Landbedeckungsdynamiken einer heterogenen Landschaft. Die
regionalen Analysen wie auch die thematischen Informationsprodukte besitzen somit
groĂes Potential zur Verbesserung der Informationsgrundlage. Die Ergebnisse dienen
auĂerdem als aussagekrĂ€ftige Entscheidungsgrundlage mit dem Ziel eines angemessenen
und nachhaltigen Land- und Wassermanagements fĂŒr die natĂŒrlichen Ăkosysteme im
Becken des Gelben Flusses